Housebreaking begins as soon as the puppy enters his new home. How long the training period must continue depends on both the puppy and the owner. Some pups learn sooner than others, but a puppy's memory is short, and patience and unrelaxing supervision must be the watchwords.

1. Provide the puppy with a cage. If the cage is too large, the puppy may use a corner rather than go outside. If the cage is smaller, the puppy will get out rather than soil his sleeping area.

2. Keep the cage near the usual household activities. Do not isolate the cage.

3. In order to establish habit of going outdoors to relieve himself, an outdoor spot should be chosen where the dog can go indefinitely without being disturbed or disturbing others. An area at the back of the yard or behind the garage may be satisfactory. To teach the puppy to  associate this spot with his toilet habits, several stools and some rags or newspapers soaked in the puppy's urine can be placed there.

4. The FIRST thing in the morning the puppy should be lifted from his cage and taken to the selected place. Let him sniff about and the moment he has relieved himself, pat him and IMMEDIATELY bring him into the house. Don't let him play about. The toilet period and the play period should be definitely separate in the puppy's routine.

5. He should be rushed to the selected spot immediately after each meal or nap, at one or two hours intervals between, and the last thing at night. As soon as he relieves himself, he should again be complemented and hurried into the house. Regularity of timing is of the utmost importance.

6. When taken out to play, it is good to leave the house by another door and to avoid taking him near his toilet spot. Never play with the puppy until after he has been taken out.

7. Watch for his signals of sniffing and running about in circles and rush him outdoors. There will, of course, be some "accidents" in the house. Never let one of these slip by unnoticed. In no uncertain tones, let the puppy know you are displeased. Do not whip him, but immediately scold him and rush him outdoors. Then scrub the area of mishap thoroughly with vinegar and water until all odor is gone.

NOTE: Scolding puppy when an accident occurs must be done during or immediately after the accident.